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Vulnerability Campaign Malware Activity Public Sector Action Security Patch Release

Samsung image library flaw used to deliver LANDFALL spyware

Updated 25.11.2025 08:42
Case score 68
Members 5 First seen 12.09.2025 12:48 Latest activity 25.11.2025 08:42

Overview

**CVE-2025-21042** in Samsung's image processing library was exploited as a zero-day to push **LANDFALL** spyware through malicious **DNG** images sent over **WhatsApp**. The activity affected selected Galaxy devices and was active before Samsung's April patch, with evidence dating back to July 2024. CISA later added the flaw to the **KEV** catalog and ordered US federal agencies to remediate it by **December 1** or stop using affected products if mitigations are unavailable. Samsung also patched **CVE-2025-21043** in the same library after reporting in-the-wild exploitation, but available evidence still does not quantify total reach or confirm a single public attribution.
Latest development Open development history 4 earlier developments Palo Alto Networks discloses Landfall spyware on Samsung Galaxy phones Palo Alto Networks identified Landfall as an Android spyware campaign that exploited CVE-2025-21042 in a Samsung image processing library to achieve remote code execution, likely by delivering a specially crafted DNG image through WhatsApp in a zero-click exploit. The campaign targeted Samsung Galaxy S22, S23, S24, Z Fold4, and Z Flip4 phones, with Palo Alto Networks tracking the threat actor as CL-UNK-1054 and noting malicious DNG samples tied to individuals in Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Morocco.
  1. Earlier development

    CISA adds CVE-2025-21042 after LandFall spyware campaign against Samsung devices

    CISA adds CVE-2025-21042 to the KEV catalog and requires federal agencies to apply vendor mitigations by December 1 or discontinue use if mitigations are unavailable. Palo Alto Networks says the out-of-bounds write flaw CVE-2025-21042, with a CVSS score of 9.8, was patched by Samsung in April and had been used since mid-2024 in a LandFall spyware campaign that embedded malicious DNG image files sent through WhatsApp to targets. The campaign is described as targeting victims in the Middle East and enabling covert surveillance, including microphone recording, location tracking, and collection of photos, contacts, and call logs, with possible zero-click remote code execution.

  2. Earlier development

    Unit 42 details LandFall spyware and CVE-2025-21042 exploitation

    Palo Alto Networks Unit 42 described LandFall as spyware delivered through malicious WhatsApp images that exploited CVE-2025-21042 in Samsung’s Android image processing library to run code on select Galaxy devices, with activity active since at least July 2024 and targeting users in the Middle East. The analysis also linked the campaign to a malformed .DNG payload with appended .ZIP content, loader components such as b.so and l.so, device fingerprinting, persistence, and spying functions, while attribution to a known vendor or threat group remained unconfirmed.

  3. Earlier development

    Samsung patches CVE-2025-21043 in SMR Sep-2025 Release 1

    Samsung updated its advisory and released SMR Sep-2025 Release 1 for CVE-2025-21043, fixing the out-of-bounds write in libimagecodec.quram.so on Samsung devices running Android 13 or later. Samsung said the vulnerability allowed remote attackers to execute arbitrary code and that an exploit for the issue had existed in the wild, confirming active zero-day abuse against vulnerable Samsung Android devices.

  4. Earlier development

    Meta and WhatsApp report CVE-2025-21043 in Samsung Android devices

    Meta and WhatsApp security teams reported CVE-2025-21043 to Samsung on August 13 after identifying a critical remote code execution flaw in libimagecodec.quram.so on Samsung devices running Android 13 or later. The issue is an out-of-bounds write in a closed-source image parsing library developed by Quramsoft and could let remote attackers execute arbitrary code on affected Samsung Android devices.

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3 listed

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1 families · 6 tools
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Vulnerability Samsung image processing library zero-day RCE (CVE-2025-21042)
Updated 07.11.2025 17:29 Lead Contribution 63
Exploitation Active Exploitation CVSS 9.8 Critical Patch Patch Available

**CVE-2025-21042** is a **Samsung image processing library** flaw that was **exploited as a zero-day** to deliver **LANDFALL** spyware and achieve **remote code execution** on affected **Samsung Galaxy** devices before Samsung’s **April** patch. The exploitation path involved a **specially crafted DNG image** delivered through **WhatsApp**, and CISA later cited the campaign as part of a broader wave of attacks against **mobile messaging apps** and high-value users. The same vulnerability thread is now also linked to a **Samsung** campaign targeting **Galaxy devices in the Middle East**.

Campaign LandFall WhatsApp DNG spyware campaign targeting Samsung devices in the Middle East
Updated 11.11.2025 12:30 Scoring Support Contribution 3
Objective Espionage Campaign Active

A **LandFall** spyware campaign has used **malicious DNG image files** over **WhatsApp** to target **Samsung devices** in the **Middle East**, raising covert surveillance risk. The operation has been active since **mid-2024** and may have relied on **zero-click exploits** to trigger **remote code execution**. It is designed for **microphone recording**, **location tracking**, and harvesting **photos, contacts, and call logs**. The tradecraft points to a persistent commercial spyware effort rather than a one-off lure.

Malware Activity LandFall spyware deployment via malicious WhatsApp .DNG images
Updated 07.11.2025 20:23 Scoring Support Contribution 2
Malware Backdoor Platform Android Patch Patch Available

The **LandFall** spyware operation used malicious **.DNG** images sent over **WhatsApp** to exploit Samsung’s **CVE-2025-21042**, execute code on targeted Galaxy phones, and keep access for spying. The activity affected select **Samsung Galaxy** users in the **Middle East** and supported **persistence**, **microphone recording**, and **call recording**. Samples seen as early as **July 23, 2024** show the operation had been active before the patch. Affected models included **Galaxy S22/S23/S24** and **Z Fold 4/Z Flip 4**.

Public Sector Action CISA adds CVE-2025-21042 to KEV catalog
Updated 11.11.2025 12:30 Context
Policy Stage Effective Patch Patch Available

**CISA** added **CVE-2025-21042** to the **KEV catalog**, triggering a formal federal response to a **Samsung** zero-day that had been reported as actively abused in spyware operations. The directive orders **US federal agencies** to apply vendor mitigations, follow **BOD 22-01** cloud guidance, or discontinue use if mitigations are unavailable. Agencies must comply by **December 1**, and the flaw is an **out-of-bounds write** bug with a **9.8 CVSS** score that Samsung patched in **April**.

Security Patch Release Samsung security patch release for CVE-2025-21043
Updated 12.09.2025 12:48 Context
Exploitation Active Exploitation Urgency High Patch Patch Available

**Samsung** released **SMR Sep-2025 Release 1** to fix **CVE-2025-21043**, a **critical remote code execution** flaw in **libimagecodec.quram.so** on **Android 13+** devices. Samsung said the bug is an **out-of-bounds write** and that an exploit had existed **in the wild**. The patch matters because unupdated devices could be remotely compromised through malicious image content.